Number of provinces

We will iterate over each item in the rows, reach row actually denotes the number of connections one city could have. So, we will run DFS in a given neighbors, and if it is not in the visited set, we count it as new province, and start DFS from that city.

class Solution:
    def findCircleNum(self, isConnected: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        nodes= len(isConnected)
        visited = set()

        def dfs(i):
            if i in visited:
                return
            visited.add(i)
            for j in range(nodes):
                if isConnected[i][j] and j not in visited:
                    dfs(j)

        provinces = 0
        for i in range(nodes):
            if i not in visited:
                provinces += 1
                dfs(i)
        return provinces

Time Complexity: O(n^2) Space Complexity: O(n)